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The Newlin Mill Complex, a water powered gristmill on the west branch of Chester Creek near Concordville, Pennsylvania, USA, was built in 1704 by Nathaniel and Mary Newlin and operated commercially until 1941. During its three centuries of operation, the mill has been known as the Lower Mill, the Markham Mill, the Seventeen-O-Four Mill and the Concord Flour Mill.〔Sellers, p. 21.〕 In 1958 the mill property was bought by E. Mortimer Newlin, restored and given to the Nicholas Newlin Foundation to use as a historical park.〔 Water power is still used to grind corn meal which is sold on site. The park includes five historical buildings, which were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and of natural woodland. ==History== Nicholas Newlin, a member of the Religious Society of Friends, an Englishman who lived in the Quaker town of Mountmellick, then in Queens County, Ireland, emigrated to Pennsylvania with his family because of religious persecution. He arrived with his wife, Elizabeth, and children, Nathaniel, Rachel, and John, in May 1683 on the ship ''Levee'' from Liverpool. In October he bought land from William Penn and settled in Concord Township, about ten miles (16 km) northwest of the town of Chester. He was a prominent citizen, serving on the province's governing body, the Provincial Council in 1686 and 1687, as a Justice of the Peace, and on the Courts of Chester County.〔Sellers, pp. 23-24.〕 His son, Nathaniel, built the present mill, the third grist mill in the township. Nathaniel also served as a Justice of the Peace, and on the Courts of Chester County, and served in the Provincial Assembly from 1698 to 1722. Through inheritance from his father and his wife's family, and by purchase of that became Newlin Township, he became one of the largest landowners in Chester County.〔Sellers, pp. 24-26.〕 In 1739 the grandson of Nathaniel, Nathaniel Newlin III, built a house for the head miller.〔 In 1742 neighboring grist mill owners, William and Anne Trimble, built a house overlooking the Newlin mill.〔 A mile to the west in the village of Concordville, Nathaniel's son Nicholas built another house in 1742; this is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1777 the Battle of Brandywine was fought within a few miles of the mill. General George Washington had ordered the removal of millstones from nearby mills to hinder the supply of British troops, but there are no records of the order’s effect on Newlin Mill.〔(Milling, the Revolutionary War, and Industrial Innovation )〕〔 p. 47.〕 Southeastern Pennsylvania was the leading producer of grain in the colonial period and mills could be easily powered by the steep descent of the streams, called the fall line, in the area. By 1781 there were 127 gristmills in Chester County, which then included present-day Delaware County.〔 The Newlin mill only served local and domestic needs and was known as a "country mill" rather than a "merchant mill" which would produce finer flour for urban and export markets. The Newlin family owned the mill until 1817, selling to William Trimble, Jr. Thomas Newlin, who died in 1811, had remarried after his wife's death. Disagreements between his two sets of children resulted in a judgment of $11,326.30 against his estate, forcing the sale of the mill.〔Sellers, pp. 27-28.〕 The Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad was built through the property in 1859; this allowed the mill to market its flour in Philadelphia and Baltimore.〔The railroad was later known as the Octoraro Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad.〕 A railway station was built in 1868 and Samuel Hill bought the mill in 1869. In 1942 the mill stopped commercial production and the buildings were used temporarily as a bookstore and an antique store. In 1956 Nicholas’s eighth-generation descendant, E. Mortimer Newlin, purchased the property and later formed the Nicholas Newlin Foundation to restore and preserve the mill.〔Sellers, pp. 32-33.〕 Restorations were completed in 1962, and again in 1992. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Newlin Mill Complex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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